Monday, August 5, 2013

Introduction to HTML

HTML

    • HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language.(The markup is the instructions for displaying or printing the text.)
    • HTML is not a programming languages but it is a markup language.
    • A markup language is a set of markup tags.
    • HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages.
    • It is a descriptive markup language that describes the structure and behavior of a web documents.
    • HTML was created by Tim Berners-Lee
    • HTML is a set of code that can be embedded in text to add formatting and linking information.
    • It allows these different kinds of data to be displayed together.    
    • HTML is nothing more than a plain text file that allows for the inclusion of two kinds of text:
      • The Content
        • Text or information to be displayed or played back on the client’s screen.
      • The Markup
        • Text or information to control the display or to point to other information items in need of display .

HTML TAGS

    • Tags are the instructions that are embedded directly into the text of the document.
    • An HTML tag is a signal to the browser that it should do something other than just throw text up on the screen.
    • By conventional all HTML tags begin with an open an angle bracket(<) and end with close angle bracket(>).
    • HTML is specified as TAGs in an HTML document(i.e. Web Page)
    • There are two types of HTML tags:
      • Paired Tags
      • Singular Tags( stand-alone tags/ unpaired tags)

Paired Tags


    • A tag is said to be a paired tag if the text is placed between a tag and its companion tag.
    • In paired tags, the first tag is referred to as opening tag and the second tag is referred to as closing tag.
      • Example:
        • <i>Welcome</i>
        • Here, <i> is called opening tag and </i> is called a closing tag
      • Here are some more examples
        • <html>
        • <head>
        • <title>
        • <body>
        • <p>
        • <h#>
        • <address>
        • <nobr>
        • <center>
        • <block quote>
        • <pre>
        • <font>
        • <strike>
        • <b>
        • <i>
        • <big>
        • <small>
        • <sub>
        • <sup>
        • <u>
        • <lists>
        • <div>
        • <strong>

 Singular tag
    • A Singular tag does not have a companion tag.
    • Singular tags are also known as unpaired tags or Stand-Alone tags.
      • Example:
        • <br>
        •  <hr>
      • This tags does not require any companion tag.
        • <doctype>
        • <br>
        • <hr>
        • <basefont>
        • <meta>
HTML Tag


    • Some HTML tags require additional information to be supplied to them.
      • For example:-
        • When a picture is placed on the screen, information like the height and the width of the picture can be specified.
    • Additional information supplied to an HTML tag is known as Attributes of a Tag.
    • Attributes are written immediately following the tag, separated by a space.
      • <table border="1">
    • Multiple attributes can be associated with a tag, also separated by space.

HTML document 

    • An HTML document contains two distinct parts:
    • The head
    • The body.
    • The head contains information about the document that is not displayed on the screen.
    • The body contains everything else that is displayed as part of the web of page

<HTML>
<HEAD>
…………..
<!-- header information & it is not displayed on the page
</HEAD>
<BODY>
…………..
<!-- all the HTML for display>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Head Eement

    • <HEAD> contains general information, or meta-information, about the document.
    • The head of the HTML document is an unordered collection of information about the document.
    • The main head element is a <TITLE> tag.
    • The contents of the <HEAD> are not displayed as part of the document text
    • It is just written after the <HTML> tag.
      • <TITLE>
      • <BASE>
      • <ISINDEX>
      • <NEXTID>
      • <LINK>
      • <META>
      • <STYLE>
      • <SCRIPT>

Title Element

    • The title of a document is specified by the TITLE element.
    • The TITLE element should occur in the HEAD of the document.
    • There may be only one title in any document.
    • It should identify the content of the document.
    • The <TITLE> element is not part of the body text, it is displayed in the window title.
    • It may not contain anchors, paragraph or any highlighting or other HTML Tag.
    • The title may be used to identify the node in a history list.
    • Your title should be descriptive but short, less than 64 characters.

Body Element 

    • It specifies the main content of the document.
    • Body tag is placed immediately after the closing head tag(</Head>) and before any image or text included in the document.
    • The body of the HTML document contains all the text and images that make up the page together with all the HTML elements that provide the control or formatting of the page.
    • It is possible to control the document color scheme and background by specifying certain attributes in the <BODY ….> declaration.
      • Attributes are
        • used to point to an image file
        • BgColor: allow settings of background color
        • Text: used to change the text color

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